一、 Design principles

1. Functional principle: The lighting design must meet the functional requirements, select different lighting methods and fixtures according to different spaces, occasions, and objects, and ensure appropriate illumination and brightness. For example, the lighting design of the conference hall should adopt vertical lighting, requiring even brightness distribution to avoid glare. Generally, comprehensive lighting fixtures should be selected.

2. Aesthetic principle: Lighting is an important means of decorating and beautifying the environment and creating an artistic atmosphere. In order to decorate the indoor space, increase spatial hierarchy, and render the environmental atmosphere, it is important to use decorative lighting and decorative lighting fixtures. In the environmental design of cinema, commercial, and entertainment buildings, lighting becomes a more integral part of the overall design. Luminaires not only serve to ensure lighting, but also pay great attention to their shape, materials, colors, proportions, and scales. Luminaires have become indispensable decorations in space. Lighting designers use rhythmic control over the brightness, concealment, intonation, and intensity of lighting to fully utilize the radiance and color of the light. They use various methods such as transmission, reflection, and refraction to create a warm, soft, peaceful, elegant, romantic, brilliant, magnificent, joyful, fast-paced, mysterious, and mysterious artistic atmosphere, Adding a rich and colorful atmosphere to people's living environment.

3. The principle of economy is that lighting is not necessarily better with more, but with strength, the key is scientific and reasonable. Lighting design is aimed at meeting the needs of people's visual physiology and aesthetic psychology, maximizing the practical and aesthetic value of indoor space, and achieving the unity of functional and aesthetic use. Brilliant and impractical lighting not only fails to add icing on the cake, but also adds to the cake, causing electricity consumption, energy waste, and economic losses. It can even cause environmental pollution and harm to one's health.

The standards for brightness of lighting vary depending on the purpose and resolution requirements.

4. Safety principle: The lighting design requires absolute safety and reliability. Due to the fact that lighting comes from a power source, strict safety measures such as electric shock prevention and circuit breaker prevention must be taken to avoid accidents.

　　
2、 The representation of lighting

1. Surface lighting refers to the luminous surface made of indoor ceilings, walls, and floors. The characteristics of a canopy in terms of light are uniform illumination, sufficient light, and various forms of expression. If using a fluorescent lamp ceiling, the light density must be consistent to ensure that each space has sufficient light; For example, using large-area tube lamps to suspend the ceiling, with regular ox eye lamps on the ceiling, like the night sky dotted with stars; For example, by combining the structure of the ceiling beam frame, it is designed as individual light wells, from which light shines out, creating a unique spatial effect. Wall lighting is generally used for image exhibitions. Make the wall a hollow double-layer sandwich wall, and the wall facing the display side a luminous wall, which is embedded with several glass frames. Install a projection device behind the frames to form a luminous exhibition wall. Large lightbox advertisements also belong to this type of lighting. Ground lighting is the process of making the ground into a luminous floor, usually set up for dance floors. Colorful luminous floors, with their light, shadow, and color changing synchronously with the rhythm of electronic sound, greatly enhance the artistic atmosphere of stage performances.

2. Illumination refers to the arrangement of light sources into long strips of light. There are various forms of expression, including square, grid, bar, bar, ring (circular, elliptical), triangle, and other polygons. Such as peripheral flat light strip ceiling, peripheral concave light strip ceiling, inner frame light strip ceiling, inner frame concave light strip ceiling, peripheral light strip floor, inner frame light strip floor, annular light strip floor, upper projection groove, ceiling concave groove, foundation concave groove, etc. Long strip light strips have a certain degree of directionality and are often used as directional lighting in the design of public places with a large flow of people, while other geometric light strips are generally used for decoration.

3. Point light refers to a light source with a small and concentrated projection range. Due to its strong lighting intensity, it is mostly used for direct or key lighting in restaurants, bedrooms, study rooms, shop windows, stages, and other places. There are various techniques for expressing point light, including top light, bottom light, smooth light, backlight, side light, etc. Top light - top-down lighting, similar to direct sunlight at noon in summer. The projection of lighting objects is small, with strong contrast between light and dark, and it is not advisable not to use modeling light. Bottom light - bottom-up lighting, suitable for auxiliary lighting.
Shunguang - Illumination from the front, with a flat projection and complete color display of the illuminated object, but with poor stereoscopic feeling. Backlight - illumination from the front and rear, with a clear outline of the illuminated object and an artistic silhouette effect, is a commonly used lighting method in photography and stage skylights.
Side lighting - The illumination of light from left, right, top left, top right, bottom left, and bottom right directions, with clear projection of the illuminated object, strong three-dimensional sense, and rich layers, is the most easily accepted lighting method for people.


4. Static light and flowing light Static light - The light fixture is fixed, the illumination remains static, and the light that does not flicker is considered static light. The vast majority of indoor lighting uses static lighting, which can fully utilize light energy and create a stable, soft, and harmonious lighting environment atmosphere. It is suitable for schools, factories, office buildings, shopping malls, exhibitions, and other places.
　　
Flowing lighting - is a flowing lighting method with rich artistic expression, and is a commonly used means in stage lighting and urban neon advertising design. The use of "chasing lights" on stage, constantly chasing moving actors, or neon lights used as advertising lighting, constantly flowing and flickering, frequently changing colors, not only highlights artistic images, but also renders the artistic atmosphere of the environment.

5. Laser is a beam of light emitted by a laser. The media used to generate laser beams include crystals, glass, gases (such as argon, krypton, helium neon mixture, etc.), and dye solutions. Some gas lasers have been used as light sources in lighting art, among which helium neon lasers are the most commonly used, producing red monochromatic light; Argon ion lasers produce blue-green and green light, which can be separated by diffraction gratings to form two monochromatic beams of different colors.

Different dye lasers can generate any type of laser with a wavelength range of 400-750mm as needed. However, dye lasers are devices that operate in a pulsed manner, and they must rely on their laser or electronic flash as the driving source.

3、 The types and artistic effects of lighting fixtures. With the rapid development of new technologies and materials, lighting fixtures have a wide variety of designs and rich shapes. Light, color, shape, and quality can be described as constantly changing. Lighting fixtures not only provide lighting conditions for people's lives, but also are an important finishing touch in indoor environmental design. Luminaires can be classified into the following types according to their installation methods. Suspension type - commonly known as chandelier. There are general chandeliers for general indoor spaces; Flower lanterns, used for luxurious and tall lobby spaces; Palace lanterns are generally used in halls with traditional classical styles; Scalable chandelier, using retractable snake skin tubes or extendable chains as lifting equipment, can adjust the height of the lamp according to needs within a certain range. Ceiling type - lighting fixtures closely attached to the ceiling. There are protruding ceiling lights, which have a wide range of applications and can be used alone or in combination. The former is suitable for smaller spaces, while the latter is suitable for larger spaces; Embedded ceiling light, the lamp is embedded in the ceiling, and when combined, it gives a feeling of starry sky. Wall lamps - There are two types of wall mounted and cantilever wall lamps, which are installed on walls and columns. The design of wall lamps should be decorative and suitable for various spaces. Floor lamp, also known as seat lamp, is a local lighting fixture used in hotel rooms, reception rooms, and other spaces. It is one of the indoor furnishings and has the function of decorating the space. Table lamp - a local lighting fixture located on tables, coffee tables, and low cabinets. In modern hotels, table lamps have become a distinctive decorative lighting method. Special lighting fixtures - various lighting fixtures specially manufactured for stage performances, such as tracking lights, echo lights, skylight floodlights, rotating lights, beam lights, meteor lights, etc.